First RSPO-certified ("eco-friendly") palm oil shipment to arrive in Europe
mongabay.com; November 10, 2008
The first shipment of palm oil certified under the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) is expected to arrive in Europe Tuesday, but an environmental group is already criticizing the initiative's credentials.
Wetlands International warns that the batch of certified palm oil originates from a plantation which has palm oil grown on peatlands, a carbon-rich ecosystem that releases massive amounts of CO2 when cleared, drained, and converted for agricultural use. It says that RSPO fails to account for greenhouse gas emissions in its certification process.
"Palm oil cannot be certified 'sustainable' as long as the sector refuses to include a criterion on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from land use change, in particular degradation of tropical peatlands," said the NGO in a statement. "At the upcoming Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RT6) to be held on 18-20 November 2008 in Bali, Indonesia, Wetlands International has submitted a Resolution calling for a moratorium on palm oil from tropical peatlands until a GHG Committee has been established and carried out its work."
Wetlands International estimates that 8 percent of oil palm plantations in Malaysia and up to 25 percent in Indonesia are now on peatlands. These plantations account for 150 million tons of CO2 emissions annually in Indonesia and 33 million tons in Malaysia.
"Over 50% of new plantations in Indonesia are planned on peatlands despite a Presidential decree in place banning such practices," said Wetlands International. "Peatswamps are the last remaining areas in Indonesia and Malaysia that are still relatively uninhabited. For this reason, the areas are attractive to establish huge plantations at once."
The RSPO is an industry-led initiative to certify the environmental performance of palm oil. Palm oil producers are under pressure to clean up operations in order to meet import standards proposed by the E.U. and the United States.
RSPO criteria require producers to implement "no burn" policies for land use management, set aside high value conservation areas for protection, mitigate pollution from palm oil mill effluent, reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, maintain fair labor practices, and improve yields to reduce the need to convert more land for cultivation. Under a resolution proposed for the upcoming Bali roundtable, some producers have submitted to satellite monitoring of their plantations to ensure no new deforestation is occurring.
Certified palm oil comes at a premium to conventional oil — about $50 per ton according to OVID, the German edible oil industry association that is the first to import certified palm oil to Europe. Despite the higher price, consumer giant Unilever — one of the world's largest consumers of palm oil — has already committed to buying only certified palm oil by 2015.
Petra Sprick, chief executive of OVID, told Reuters that she expects 500,000 to 750,000 tons of certified palm oil will be sold worldwide by the end of the year. Global palm oil production for the 2008 marketing year was nearly 43 million metric tons, 86.6 percent of which was produced by Indonesia and Malaysia.
"We hope that three million tons of certified palm oil will be available on world markets in 2009," she said, while noting that the first certified palm oil comes under a "book and claim" system whereby a producer gets a certificate for producing a specified amount of oil in a sustainable manner but the actual oil that ships may be mixed with non-certified product.
"This is the beginning which we want to create a financial incentive for the farmers to fulfill sustainability criteria," Sprick told Reuters.
"This will encourage more certification and hopefully create a critical mass with high enough volumes for a segregated system with a physical identity of the sustainably-produced palm oil through the production chain to the end user."
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